Infertility

infertility, the inability of a couple to conceive and reproduce. Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of regular intercourse without contraception or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to a live birth. Infertility can affect either the male or the female and can result from a number of causes. About 1 in every 10 couples is infertile, or somewhere between 10 and 15 percent of the population.

Infertility can be caused due to various factors.

In men
◉ Low sperm count due to conditions like diabetes or hormonal variations
◉ Sexual problems like premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction
◉ Overexposure to certain chemicals
◉ Smoking or Certain medications
In women
◉ Ovulation disorders due to variations in hormones
◉ Uterine abnormalities the Uterine walls
◉ Overweight
◉ Infections that are sexually transmitted
◉ Being exposed to certain types of chemicals

PCOD

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is mostly caused by a combination of hormonal imbalance and genetic tendencies. In a standard menstrual cycle, the two ovaries will alternately release mature, ready-to-be-fertilized eggs each month. For someone with PCOD, however, the ovaries will often release either immature or only partially-mature eggs, which can go on to develop into cysts(little sacs filled with liquid). This also leads to the ovaries swelling and becoming enlarged. Generally, the ovaries release a limited amount of androgens (male hormones) during the cycle - but in this case, the ovaries will start producing androgens in excess, which leads to symptoms like male pattern hair loss, abdominal weight gain, irregular periods, and in some extreme cases, even infertility.
There is no set ‘cure’ as such for PCOD, but one of the best ways to manage it is by introducing changes in your lifestyle (after having consulted professionals, of course: your gynecologist, an endocrinologist and a dietician, preferably). Exercising and maintaining a healthy diet (low on sugars and carbohydrates, high on protein and fiber) are the most effective ways to get your PCOD under control. This also cuts out some of the weight gain, which is very helpful, as even a 5% reduction in weight eases treatment considerably.

Blocked Tubes

Blocked fallopian tubes are a common cause of infertility in women. They can affect fertility in two ways: by preventing sperm from reaching an egg, and by preventing a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. Either scenario can prevent a woman from becoming pregnant.

Causes of blocked fallopian tubes

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease This disease can cause scarring or hydrosalpinx.

Endometriosis Endometrial tissue can build up in the fallopian tubes and cause a blockage. Endometrial tissue on the outside of other organs can also cause adhesions that block the fallopian tubes.

Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause scarring and lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

Past ectopic pregnancy This can scar the fallopian tubes.

Fibroids These growths can block the fallopian tube, particularly where they attach to the uterus.

Past abdominal surgery Past surgery, especially on the fallopian tubes themselves, can lead to pelvic adhesions that block the tubes.

Irregular Periods

Menstrual periods typically last four to seven days and occur roughly every 28 days. Examples of irregular periods include periods that occur fewer than 21 days or more than 35 days apart, missing three or more periods in row, and menstrual flow that’s much heavier or lighter than usual.

Lifestyle factors and irregular periods

Disruptions or changes in your daily routine can have an impact on your menstrual cycle. Some examples of lifestyle factors include:
Stress
Gaining or losing a significant amount of weight
Exercise routines that result in very low body fat (long-distance runners, dancers or gymnasts)
Viruses or other illnesses

Leucorrhoea

Vaginal discharge is widespread and can vary in quantity and quality based on different days of the menstrual cycle. The medical name for normal vaginal discharge is leukorrhea. It can be yellow or white, but it does not cause pain, itching, irritation, or burning of the tissue around the vaginal opening. It is sometimes hard to specify the difference between normal vaginal discharge and leukorrhea caused by a yeast infection or sexually transmitted diseases.

What Are the Causes of Leucorrhoea?

There are various causes for this condition, but the most common ones are as follows:
Nutritional deficiency.
Poor maintenance of hygiene in intimate areas.
Infection of the urinary tract.
Fungal or bacterial infections.
Vaginal irritation due to the insertion of contraceptive devices.
Anemia.
A contraceptive device used by the partner that causes irritation.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of your uterus grows on other parts of your body. When this tissue grows in the wrong places, it can cause you to experience uncomfortable symptoms that can impact your daily life. Some people with endometriosis also have issues getting pregnant.

Symptoms of Esndometriosis may have:

Very painful menstrual cramps.
Abdominal pain or back pain during your period or in between periods.
Heavy bleeding during periods or spotting (light bleeding) between periods.
Infertility (difficulty becoming pregnant).
Painful bowel movements.

Fibroids

Fibroids are tumors made of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue that develop in the uterus. It is estimated that 70 to 80 percent of women will develop fibroids in their lifetime — however, not everyone will develop symptoms or require treatment. The most important characteristic of fibroids is that they’re almost always benign, or noncancerous. That said, some fibroids begin as cancer — but benign fibroids can’t become cancer.

Types Of Fibroids

Subserosal fibroids: These are the most common fibroids. They can push outside of the uterus into the pelvis. Subserosal fibroids can grow large at times and sometimes have a stalk that attaches to the uterus (pedunculated fibroid).
Intramural fibroids: These fibroids develop in the muscular wall of the uterus.
Submucosal fibroids: These fibroids are uncommon. They can grow into the open space inside the uterus and may also include a stalk.